Nandini

The Simple ATM Simulation System is a Java-based console application that mimics basic ATM functionalities like PIN authentication, deposits, withdrawals, and balance inquiries. Users must enter a 4-digit PIN to access their account, with a maximum of three attempts before getting locked out. Deposits require a minimum of ?100, and withdrawals must maintain a ?500 minimum balance. The system ensures secure transactions using Java’s object-oriented principles, loops, and conditional statements, making it an excellent project for learning core banking operations in Java.

Smart terahertz (THz) sensors have shown great potential for reproductive hormone detection due to their high sensitivity and non-invasive nature. Recent advancements incorporate machine learning to enhance detection accuracy and data analysis. Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensors, specifically designed for THz applications, have been developed to detect hormones like progesterone and estradiol by leveraging unique molecular interactions with THz waves. Additionally, metamaterial-based sensors combined with THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) enable qualitative and quantitative detection of reproductive hormones, aiding in applications such as estrus identification in dairy cows. Machine learning algorithms further optimize these sensors by improving pattern recognition, reducing noise, and increasing specificity, making them a promising tool for medical diagnostics and agricultural applications.

A sun-tracking solar panel with an automatic dust cleaning system enhances solar energy efficiency by aligning the panel with the sun and keeping the surface clean. Fixed panels lose efficiency as the sun moves, but sun-tracking systems adjust the panel’s position throughout the day, ensuring optimal exposure. Single-axis trackers move east to west, while dual-axis trackers adjust both horizontal and vertical angles for higher accuracy. Sensors like Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) detect sunlight intensity and send data to a microcontroller, which controls servo or stepper motors to reposition the panel, boosting energy output by 20% to 40%. However, dust and debris can block sunlight, reducing efficiency. Automatic dust cleaning systems, including brush-based, water jet, electrostatic, and vibration-based methods, prevent dust buildup and operate either on a schedule or based on sensor detection.